EDU - DEBIAffiNage Mémo Post-Installation Debian TABLE DES MATIERES 1. EDU - DEBIAffiNage 2. INTRO 3. CONFIG DE BASE a. clavier b. points de mo(u)ntage c. base-config: accents, daemon SSH, compte utilisateur d. après exim e. modules f. interface réseau ( EduNetinterface ) g. extras utiles: aptitude, joe h. fstab i. fichiers .fetchmailrc j. son k. scripts utiles l. exemple de fichier .lynxrc m. exemple de fichier .muttrc et .signature n. mises à jour, lilo/grub, kernel, loadlin o. apt/aptitude: liste de paquets, sources.list p. annexe INTRO * Au départ, ce document est personnel. Je sous-entends par là qu'il a trait à ma configuration hardware perso, et ne peut être considéré comme "standard". * J'ai toutefois publié cette fiche edu parce que, tout en adorant Debian GNU/Linux, je sais qu'à chaque installation il s'en suit une série de tâches de configuration qu'il faut impérativement effectuer, peu importe le matériel sur lequel on installe Debian. * Aussi, ce mémo pourra servir à d'autres... à vous qui le lisez par exemple! * Globalement, cela est plutôt abordable, du moins si l'on sait ce en quoi consistent les diverses tâches. Cette fiche vous servira de guide, adaptez l'information selon vos propres besoins(/votre propre hardware). * Il faut aussi considérer qu'il y a une grande différence entre l'installation graphique et une installation sans X. C'est le second cas de figure que cette fiche edu vise. * Une dernière chose, cette fiche se base sur la distribution stable Woody; j'ai implémenté les infos ici et là pour que cette fiche puisse également servir après l'installation de la Debian Sarge. * Plus que jamais, cette fiche est vouée à être régulièrement revisitée, relue et éventuellement corrigée; n'hésitez pas à contribuer ! Bonne lecture! CONFIG DE BASE Après avoir installé Debian Woody ou Mini-Woody, lors du redémarrage du système (par ex. via ma bootdisk), en même temps que le script base-config qui tourne, voici les quelques tâches indispensables que j'effectuerais pour être opérationnel le plus rapidement possible : clavier 1. D'abord ouvrir avec alt+f2 une console, en entrant root 'enter' Le prompt "hostname:~#" apparaît, je fais un loadkeys "clavier", par ex.: loadkeys be-latin1 'enter' puis, si effectivement cela fonctionne et que j'ai bien obtenu le bon clavier, je fais un install-keymap be-latin1 'enter' pour sauver cette config pour plus tard. points de mo(u)ntage 2. Dès ce moment, je me sens plus à l'aise pour créer les "points de mountage" de mes unités: je vais dans /mnt par la commande cd /mnt 'enter' et je crée par ex. cdrom ou floppy ou dos_c et dos_d ou encore lin etc... par la commande mkdir "nom_du_répertoire" 'enter' Mon répertoire /mnt ressemble maintenant à ceci lorsque je fais un ls -mpF /mnt 'enter': cdrecorder/, cdrom/, dos_c/, dos_d/, dvd/, floppy/, lin/, lin0/, lin1/, lin2/, loop/, loop0/, loop1/, loop2/, writer/, zip/ IMPORTANT: dans Sarge (kernel 2.6) les médias tels cd, dvd, digicam, stick usb, etc, sont plutôt montés sous /media, ce qui ne vous empêche pas de préférer /mnt/... ou /cdrom, /floppy, etc... A vous de voir et d'adapter /etc/fstab suivant vos préférences. base-config: accents, daemon SSH, compte utilisateur 3. Pendant la base-config, je veille à ce que les locales soient au moins mises en en_US afin d'obtenir des accents circonflexes et autres au plus vite. Attention, il se peut que je doive à nouveau reconfigurer les locales plus tard, pour ce faire j'utiliserai alors la commande dpkg-reconfigure locales 'enter' Egalement pendant la base-config, je veille à ce que le daemon SSH tourne, pourqu'un ami (ou moi-même) puisse éventuellement se loguer à distance sur ma machine; et je n'ai bien sûr pas oublié de me créer un compte, en même temps que je donnais un mot de passe à root. (Pour créer plus tard d'autres comptes, j'utilise adduser 'enter' et je suis simplement les instructions). Je prends aussi dès à présent la bonne habitude de faire une copie de sauvegarde des fichiers de configuration, par ex. par la commande cp -p fichier fichier.orig (ainsi je saurai plus tard que les fichiers .orig étaient ceux livrés à l'origine avec la distribution, ou créés en cours de route pendant la base-config ou la debconf). après exim 4. Après la config d'Exim, je n'oublie pas d'aller dans /etc et d'éditer le fichier email-addresses en y ajoutant: "user: user@isp.mm", par exemple: aldo: aldo@monisp.be Notez qu'Exim peut aisément être remplacé par un autre MTA, tel le réputé Postfix; consultez la fiche Postfix ( EduPostfix ) pour en savoir plus... modules 5. J'édite également le fichier /etc/modules, en y ajoutant: dtlk (pour ma DoubleTalk-PC, synthèse vocale hardware) emu10k1 (pour ma SB Live si ce n'est pas déjà chargé, voir lsmod) aic7xxx (pour mon Iomega Zip100 SCSI), ainsi que sg ide-scsi (dans cet ordre-là, pour émuler le SCSI, chose indispensable pour la gravure de CDR/CDRW sous kernel 2.4), et j'ajoute enfin 8139too (pour ma carte réseau Realtek). IMPORTANT: l'émulation SCSI n'est plus du tout nécessaire si l'on utilise un kernel 2.6; si vous décidez de ne plus l'utiliser, n'oubliez pas de modifier les fichiers de configuration concernés. interface réseau ( EduNetinterface ) 6. Cette dernière me rappelle d'ailleurs que je dois vérifier si le fichier /etc/network/interfaces est correctement configuré pour le DHCP ou pour une adresse IP fixe (static IP). Cela pourrait ressembler à ceci : # /etc/network/interfaces -- configuration file for ifup(8), ifdown(8) # The loopback interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The first network card - this entry was created during the Debian installatio n auto eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp Consultez la fiche edu Netinterface ( EduNetinterface ) pour en savoir plus... extras utiles: aptitude, joe 7. Avant de passer aux choses plus corsées, pour ma facilité, j'installe Aptitude (pour pouvoir ensuite rapatrier mon éditeur préféré, JOE, ainsi que la longue liste d'applications que je souhaite installer). Je n'oublie pas d'éditer /etc/joe/joerc pour que les accents soient pris en compte et s'affichent correctement. Lisez la fiche edu Joe ( EduJoe ) pour en savoir plus sur ce mini-éditeur simple et puissant. fstab 8. Il est temps de passer au fichier /etc/fstab Après l'avoir édité, il ressemblerait par ex. à ceci: # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # /dev/hdd1 / ext3 errors=remount-ro 0 1 /dev/hdd2 none swap sw 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 #/dev/fd0 /floppy auto user,noauto 0 0 /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy auto user,noauto 0 0 #/dev/scd0 /cdrom iso9660 ro,user,noauto 0 0 /dev/scd0 /mnt/cdrom iso9660 ro,user,noauto 0 0 /dev/hdd6 /home ext2 defaults 0 2 /dev/hda4 /mnt/lin ext2 defaults,noauto 0 2 /dev/hda1 /mnt/dos_c vfat defaults,noauto 0 2 /dev/hda5 /mnt/dos_d vfat defaults,noauto 0 2 /dev/sda4 /mnt/zip vfat defaults,noauto 0 2 ..... Le /dev/scd0 (qui remplace /dev/cdrom) se justifie ici par la présence d'un seul appareil (CDRW), utilisé à la fois pour lire des CDs ainsi que pour en graver. Pour une config lecteur+graveur, j'aurai dû utiliser scd0 et scd1, ou sr0 et sr1 (cf. fichier /var/log/dmesg). Dans mon cas, j'ai même fait un: cd /dev 'enter' ln -s /dev/scd0 cdrom 'enter' Cela peut servir puisque beaucoup de programmes (et scripts) cherchent le device /dev/cdrom, /dev/cdrecorder ou encore /dev/dvd fichiers .fetchmailrc 9. Il faut aussi éditer un ou plusieurs fichiers /root/.fetchmailrc-xxx puis installer Fetchmail, si l'on veut pouvoir rapatrier des mails "system-wide" et les faire redistribuer par Exim. Exemple d'un fichier .fetchmailrc ou .fetchmailrc-isp: poll pop.wabadoo.nl with protocol POP3 # user ald1235 there has password fffffffh is aldo here and wants keep; user ald1235 there has password fffffffh is aldo here; (l'option "wants keep" sert à garder une copie des mails rapatriés sur le serveur). Si je ne veux pas passer par une config de Fetchmail, et utiliser un script personalisé, je dois alors: cd /etc/rc2.d/ 'enter' mv S99fetchmail s99fetchmail 'enter' puis créer le script que je lance pour rapatrier mes mails quand je le souhaite. Pour info, un modèle est disponible à l'adresse: http://brlspeak.net/blinux/ponmenu_fetchmenu.tar.gz son 10. Pour le son, pour la facilité, mettre les devices dsp, mixer, audio et sequencer en mode 666: cd /dev 'enter' chmod 666 dsp 'enter' chmod 666 mixer 'enter' chmod 666 audio 'enter' ... ou suivre de bien meilleurs conseils comme indiqué dans l'edu Sound ( EduSound ). scripts utiles 11. Maintenant, je peux éditer ou rapatrier mes scripts préférés pour les mettre dans /usr/local/bin Voulez-vous vous faciliter la vie ? jetez alors un oeil sur les scripts disponibles à l'adresse: http://brlspeak.net/blinux/ Remarque: si vous avez réinstallé une Debian sur une nouvelle partition, pour ce qui est de votre boîte mail, n'oubliez pas de faire un cp -p /mnt/lin/var/spool/mail/mmm /var/spool/mail/mmm 'enter' si vous souhaitez récupérer vos anciens E-mail; si parcontre vous êtes novice et partez de rien, ceci ne vous concerne pas. exemple de fichier .lynxrc 12. Tant en user qu'en root, j'édite (ou je rapatrie) le fichier .lynxrc pour que Lynx soit directement beaucoup plus blind friendly. Il peut ressembler à ceci: # Lynx User Defaults File # This file contains options saved from the Lynx Options Screen (normally # with the '>' key). There is normally no need to edit this file manually, # since the defaults here can be controlled from the Options Screen, and the # next time options are saved from the Options Screen this file will be # completely rewritten. You have been warned... # If you are looking for the general configuration file - it is normally # called lynx.cfg, and it has different content and a different format. # It is not this file. # accept_all_cookies allows the user to tell Lynx to automatically # accept all cookies if desired. The default is "FALSE" which will # prompt for each cookie. Set accept_all_cookies to "TRUE" to accept # all cookies. accept_all_cookies=off # bookmark_file specifies the name and location of the default bookmark # file into which the user can paste links for easy access at a later # date. bookmark_file=lynx_bookmarks.html # If case_sensitive_searching is "on" then when the user invokes a search # using the 's' or '/' keys, the search performed will be case sensitive # instead of case INsensitive. The default is usually "off". case_sensitive_searching=off # The character_set definition controls the representation of 8 bit # characters for your terminal. If 8 bit characters do not show up # correctly on your screen you may try changing to a different 8 bit # set or using the 7 bit character approximations. # Current valid characters sets are: # Western (ISO-8859-1) # 7 bit approximations (US-ASCII) # Western (ISO-8859-15) # Western (cp850) # Western (windows-1252) # IBM PC US codepage (cp437) # DEC Multinational # Macintosh (8 bit) # NeXT character set # HP Roman8 # Chinese # Japanese (EUC-JP) # Japanese (Shift_JIS) # Korean # Taipei (Big5) # Vietnamese (VISCII) # Transparent # Eastern European (ISO-8859-2) # Eastern European (cp852) # Eastern European (windows-1250) # Latin 3 (ISO-8859-3) # Latin 4 (ISO-8859-4) # Baltic Rim (cp775) # Baltic Rim (windows-1257) # Cyrillic (ISO-8859-5) # Cyrillic (cp866) # Cyrillic (windows-1251) # Cyrillic (KOI8-R) # Arabic (ISO-8859-6) # Arabic (cp864) # Arabic (windows-1256) # Greek (ISO-8859-7) # Greek (cp737) # Greek2 (cp869) # Greek (windows-1253) # Hebrew (ISO-8859-8) # Hebrew (cp862) # Hebrew (windows-1255) # Turkish (ISO-8859-9) # ISO-8859-10 # UNICODE (UTF-8) # RFC 1345 w/o Intro # RFC 1345 Mnemonic # Ukrainian Cyrillic (cp866u) # Ukrainian Cyrillic (KOI8-U) character_set=Western (ISO-8859-1) # cookie_accept_domains and cookie_reject_domains are comma-delimited # lists of domains from which Lynx should automatically accept or reject # all cookies. If a domain is specified in both options, rejection will # take precedence. The accept_all_cookies parameter will override any # settings made here. cookie_accept_domains= # cookie_file specifies the file from which to read persistent cookies. # The default is ~/.lynx_cookies. cookie_file=/home/$user/.lynx_cookies # cookie_loose_invalid_domains, cookie_strict_invalid_domains, and # cookie_query_invalid_domains are comma-delimited lists of which domains # should be subjected to varying degrees of validity checking. If a # domain is set to strict checking, strict conformance to RFC2109 will # be applied. A domain with loose checking will be allowed to set cookies # with an invalid path or domain attribute. All domains will default to # querying the user for an invalid path or domain. cookie_loose_invalid_domains= cookie_query_invalid_domains= cookie_reject_domains= cookie_strict_invalid_domains= # dir_list_styles specifies the directory list style under DIRED_SUPPORT # (if implemented). The default is "MIXED_STYLE", which sorts both # files and directories together. "FILES_FIRST" lists files first and # "DIRECTORIES_FIRST" lists directories first. dir_list_style=MIXED_STYLE # If emacs_keys is to "on" then the normal EMACS movement keys: # ^N = down ^P = up # ^B = left ^F = right # will be enabled. emacs_keys=off # file_editor specifies the editor to be invoked when editing local files # or sending mail. If no editor is specified, then file editing is disabled # unless it is activated from the command line, and the built-in line editor # will be used for sending mail. file_editor=nano # The file_sorting_method specifies which value to sort on when viewing # file lists such as FTP directories. The options are: # BY_FILENAME -- sorts on the name of the file # BY_TYPE -- sorts on the type of the file # BY_SIZE -- sorts on the size of the file # BY_DATE -- sorts on the date of the file file_sorting_method=BY_FILENAME # If keypad_mode is set to "NUMBERS_AS_ARROWS", then the numbers on # your keypad when the numlock is on will act as arrow keys: # 8 = Up Arrow # 4 = Left Arrow 6 = Right Arrow # 2 = Down Arrow # and the corresponding keyboard numbers will act as arrow keys, # regardless of whether numlock is on. # If keypad_mode is set to "LINKS_ARE_NUMBERED", then numbers will # appear next to each link and numbers are used to select links. # If keypad_mode is set to "LINKS_AND_FORM_FIELDS_ARE_NUMBERED", then # numbers will appear next to each link and visible form input field. # Numbers are used to select links, or to move the "current link" to a # form input field or button. In addition, options in popup menus are # indexed so that the user may type an option number to select an option in # a popup menu, even if the option isn't visible on the screen. Reference # lists and output from the list command also enumerate form inputs. # NOTE: Some fixed format documents may look disfigured when # "LINKS_ARE_NUMBERED" or "LINKS_AND_FORM_FIELDS_ARE_NUMBERED" are # enabled. keypad_mode=LINKS_AND_FIELDS_ARE_NUMBERED # lineedit_mode specifies the key binding used for inputting strings in # prompts and forms. If lineedit_mode is set to "Default Binding" then # the following control characters are used for moving and deleting: # Prev Next Enter = Accept input # Move char: <- -> ^G = Cancel input # Move word: ^P ^N ^U = Erase line # Delete char: ^H ^R ^A = Beginning of line # Delete word: ^B ^F ^E = End of line # Current lineedit modes are: # Bash-like Bindings # Default Binding # Alternate Bindings lineedit_mode=Default Binding # The following allow you to define sub-bookmark files and descriptions. # The format is multi_bookmark=, # Up to 26 bookmark files (for the English capital letters) are allowed. # We start with "multi_bookmarkB" since 'A' is the default (see above). multi_bookmarkB= multi_bookmarkC= multi_bookmarkD= multi_bookmarkE= multi_bookmarkF= multi_bookmarkG= multi_bookmarkH= multi_bookmarkI= multi_bookmarkJ= multi_bookmarkK= multi_bookmarkL= multi_bookmarkM= multi_bookmarkN= multi_bookmarkO= multi_bookmarkP= multi_bookmarkQ= multi_bookmarkR= multi_bookmarkS= multi_bookmarkT= multi_bookmarkU= multi_bookmarkV= multi_bookmarkW= multi_bookmarkX= multi_bookmarkY= multi_bookmarkZ= # personal_mail_address specifies your personal mail address. The # address will be sent during HTTP file transfers for authorization and # logging purposes, and for mailed comments. # If you do not want this information given out, set the NO_FROM_HEADER # to TRUE in lynx.cfg, or use the -nofrom command line switch. You also # could leave this field blank, but then you won't have it included in # your mailed comments. personal_mail_address=aldo@braillespeak.com # preferred_charset specifies the character set in MIME notation (e.g., # ISO-8859-2, ISO-8859-5) which Lynx will indicate you prefer in requests # to http servers using an Accept-Charset header. The value should NOT # include ISO-8859-1 or US-ASCII, since those values are always assumed # by default. May be a comma-separated list. # If a file in that character set is available, the server will send it. # If no Accept-Charset header is present, the default is that any # character set is acceptable. If an Accept-Charset header is present, # and if the server cannot send a response which is acceptable # according to the Accept-Charset header, then the server SHOULD send # an error response, though the sending of an unacceptable response # is also allowed. preferred_charset= # preferred_language specifies the language in MIME notation (e.g., en, # fr, may be a comma-separated list in decreasing preference) # which Lynx will indicate you prefer in requests to http servers. # If a file in that language is available, the server will send it. # Otherwise, the server will send the file in it's default language. preferred_language=en # select_popups specifies whether the OPTIONs in a SELECT block which # lacks a MULTIPLE attribute are presented as a vertical list of radio # buttons or via a popup menu. Note that if the MULTIPLE attribute is # present in the SELECT start tag, Lynx always will create a vertical list # of checkboxes for the OPTIONs. A value of "on" will set popup menus # as the default while a value of "off" will set use of radio boxes. # The default can be overridden via the -popup command line toggle. select_popups=on # show_color specifies how to set the color mode at startup. A value of # "never" will force color mode off (treat the terminal as monochrome) # at startup even if the terminal appears to be color capable. A value of # "always" will force color mode on even if the terminal appears to be # monochrome, if this is supported by the library used to build lynx. # A value of "default" will yield the behavior of assuming # a monochrome terminal unless color capability is inferred at startup # based on the terminal type, or the -color command line switch is used, or # the COLORTERM environment variable is set. The default behavior always is # used in anonymous accounts or if the "option_save" restriction is set. # The effect of the saved value can be overridden via # the -color and -nocolor command line switches. # The mode set at startup can be changed via the "show color" option in # the 'o'ptions menu. If the option settings are saved, the "on" and # "off" "show color" settings will be treated as "default". show_color=always # show_cursor specifies whether to 'hide' the cursor to the right (and # bottom, if possible) of the screen, or to place it to the left of the # current link in documents, or current option in select popup windows. # Positioning the cursor to the left of the current link or option is # helpful for speech or braille interfaces, and when the terminal is # one which does not distinguish the current link based on highlighting # or color. A value of "on" will set positioning to the left as the # default while a value of "off" will set 'hiding' of the cursor. # The default can be overridden via the -show_cursor command line toggle. show_cursor=on # show_dotfiles specifies that the directory listing should include # "hidden" (dot) files/directories. If set "on", this will be # honored only if enabled via userdefs.h and/or lynx.cfg, and not # restricted via a command line switch. If display of hidden files # is disabled, creation of such files via Lynx also is disabled. show_dotfiles=off # If sub_bookmarks is not turned "off", and multiple bookmarks have # been defined (see below), then all bookmark operations will first # prompt the user to select an active sub-bookmark file. If the default # Lynx bookmark_file is defined (see above), it will be used as the # default selection. When this option is set to "advanced", and the # user mode is advanced, the 'v'iew bookmark command will invoke a # statusline prompt instead of the menu seen in novice and intermediate # user modes. When this option is set to "standard", the menu will be # presented regardless of user mode. sub_bookmarks=OFF # user_mode specifies the users level of knowledge with Lynx. The # default is "NOVICE" which displays two extra lines of help at the # bottom of the screen to aid the user in learning the basic Lynx # commands. Set user_mode to "INTERMEDIATE" to turn off the extra info. # Use "ADVANCED" to see the URL of the currently selected link at the # bottom of the screen. user_mode=ADVANCED # If verbose_images is "on", lynx will print the name of the image # source file in place of [INLINE], [LINK] or [IMAGE] # See also VERBOSE_IMAGES in lynx.cfg verbose_images=on # If vi_keys is set to "on", then the normal VI movement keys: # j = down k = up # h = left l = right # will be enabled. These keys are only lower case. # Capital 'H', 'J' and 'K will still activate help, jump shortcuts, # and the keymap display, respectively. vi_keys=on # The visited_links setting controls how Lynx organizes the information # in the Visited Links Page. visited_links=LAST_REVERSED exemple de fichier .muttrc et .signature 13. J'en fais de même avec les fichiers .muttrc et .signature qui seront utilisés par le lecteur de mail Mutt. Le fichier ~/.muttrc peut ressembler à ceci: # Uncomment the apropriate line(s) if you want to give a charset+locale # parameter: #set charset="iso-8859-1" #set charset="iso-8859-15" #set locale="fr_BE" #set locale="fr_BE_europe" #set locale="nl_BE" #...other... # Comment/uncomment if you want to see the cursor arrow near the E-mail number # (default is here uncommented, since this is blindfriendly for braille # display users): set arrow_cursor # Uncomment if you want to enable mime forwarding: #set mime_forward # Choose a sort method (default is mailbox-order): #set sort=date-sent #set sort=date-received #set sort=from set sort=mailbox-order #set sort=score #set sort=subject #set sort=threads #set sort=to #set sort=reverse-date-sent #set sort=reverse-date-received #set sort=reverse-mailbox-order # Add/select the default text-editor (joe is currently enabled): set editor=joe #set editor=nano #set editor=pico #set editor=vi #set editor=vim # Ignore/unignore/header parameters, basic model: #ignore * # this means "ignore all lines by default" #unignore from: subject to date #hdr_order Date From: Subject: To: # Ignore/unignore/header parameters, extended (default) model 1: ignore * # this means "ignore all lines by default" unignore from date subject to \ cc \ reply-to \ user-agent \ x-mailer \ x-url \ x-newsreader: \ x-listname hdr_order From Date: From: To: Cc: Subject: X-url: #hdr_order Date: From: To: Subject: X-url: # Ignore/unignore/header parameters, extended model 2: #ignore * # this means "ignore all lines by default" #unignore from date subject to cc reply-to mail-followup-to \ # delivered-to \ # organization organisation user-agent \ # x-mailer x-url x-newsreader: x-listname #hdr_order From Date: From: To: Cc: Subject: X-url: # Your default signature file is ~/.signature: set signature="~/.signature" # Sleep time before continuing...: #set sleep_time=3 Le fichier ~/.signature est un simple fichier texte. Par exemple: -- ==Osvaldo La Rosa==-==http://www.brlspeak.net/==-==GNU/Linux? 2B FREE== No individual should be discriminated against on the basis of disability in the full and equal enjoyment of the goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, or accommodations of any place of public accommodation (American Disability Act - 42. U.S.C. 12182[a]) mises à jour, lilo/grub, kernel, loadlin 14. Pour bien faire, je devrais maintenant: mettre à jour 1- mettre la distrib à jour par un apt-get update 'enter' apt-get upgrade 'enter' ou apt-get -u dist-upgrade 'enter' apt-get clean 'enter' (une fois que tout est OK), ainsi que mandb 'enter' updatedb 'enter' reset 'enter' ajouter grub ou lilo 2- installer et configurer Lilo ou Grub. Pour Grub, j'utilise le menu.lst suivant: default 0 timeout 10 color cyan/blue white/blue title --> Debian GNU/Linux hdd1 (galactic) 2.4.18 . root (hd1,0) kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18-586tsc root=/dev/hdd1 hdc=ide-scsi hdb=ide -scsi vga=normal ro no-scroll initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.4.18-586tsc boot title --> Debian GNU/Linux testing hdd5 (protheus) 2.4.20 root (hd1,4) kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.20-3-586tsc root=/dev/hdd5 hdc=ide-scsi hdb=i de-scsi vga=normal ro no-scroll initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.4.20-3-586tsc boot title --> Debian GNU/Linux old Woody hda4 (darkstar) root (hd0,3) kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18-586tsc root=/dev/hda4 hdc=ide-scsi hdb=ide -scsi vga=normal ro no-scroll initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.4.18-586tsc boot title --> Window$ / DOS rootnoverify (hd0,0) makeactive chainloader +1 Pour installer la config de démarrage pour 2/3/+ OS suivant ma config Grub, je fais: mkdir /boot/grub 'enter' cp chemin/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst 'enter' grub-install /dev/hda 'enter' Important: si vous souhaitez mettre dans la config de Grub le nouveau kernel plutôt que le kernel actuel, effectuez alors d'abord le point "c)" et après seulement le point "b)"; en fait, cela a peu d'importance, du moment que vos informations reprises dans /boot/grub/menu.lst correspondent à la situation réelle (le bon kernel, le bon path boot, l'initrd, etc). Alternativement, si c'est plutôt Lilo que vous souhaitez utiliser, voici à quoi pourrait ressembler le fichier /etc/lilo.conf: # Generated by liloconfig # Specifies the boot device boot=/dev/hda # Specifies the device that should be mounted as root. # If the special name CURRENT is used, the root device is set to the # device on which the root file system is currently mounted. If the root # has been changed with -r , the respective device is used. If the # variable ROOT is omitted, the root device setting contained in the # kernel image is used. It can be changed with the rdev program. root=/dev/hda4 # Enables map compaction: # Tries to merge read requests for adjacent sectors into a single # read request. This drastically reduces load time and keeps the map # smaller. Using COMPACT is especially recommended when booting from a # floppy disk. # compact # Install the specified file as the new boot sector. # If INSTALL is omitted, /boot/boot.b is used as the default. install=/boot/boot.b # Specifies the number of _tenths_ of a second LILO should # wait before booting the first image. LILO # doesn't wait if DELAY is omitted or if DELAY is set to zero. delay=20 # Specifies the location of the map file. If MAP is # omitted, a file /boot/map is used. map=/boot/map # Specifies the VGA text mode that should be selected when # booting. The following values are recognized (case is ignored): # NORMAL select normal 80x25 text mode. # EXTENDED select 80x50 text mode. The word EXTENDED can be # abbreviated to EXT. # ASK stop and ask for user input (at boot time). # use the corresponding text mode. A list of available modes # can be obtained by booting with vga=ask and pressing [Enter]. vga=normal prompt # Any timeout? Put it here: timeout=50 image=/vmlinuz initrd=/initrd.img label=Linux append="no-scroll hdc=ide-scsi hdb=ide-scsi" read-only image=/vmlinuz.old label=OldLinux read-only # If you have another OS on this machine (say DOS), # you can boot if by uncommenting the following lines # (Of course, change /dev/hda2 to wherever your DOS partition is.) # other=/dev/hda2 # label=dos other=/dev/hda1 label=Dos Pour installer cette config, on tape simplement la commande lilo 'enter' Ici, Lilo était utilisé sur une distribution installée sur hda4, et permettait de booter une Debian courante, la même mais avec l'ancien kernel, ou DOS/Windows. Si vous voulez combiner plusieurs systèmes sur plusieurs et/ou sur le même disque, utilisez alors plutôt Grub. kernel 3- mettre à jour le kernel Pour ce faire: apt-cache search kernel-image-2.4 |more 'enter' puis, lorsque j'ai trouvé celui qui me convient: apt-get install kernel-image-2.4.??-etc 'enter' Si vous souhaitez plutôt migrer vers un kernel 2.6, faites par exemple: apt-get install kernel-image-2.6-8-2-386 'enter' loadlin 4- si vous souhaitez pouvoir démarrer GNU/Linux à partir d'une partition FAT contenant DOS, FreeDOS ou Win9x, je vous conseillerais de faire ce qui suit: mount -t vfat /dev/hda1 /mnt/dos_c 'enter' mkdir /mnt/dos_c/debian 'enter' cp -p /boot/vmlinuz-2.4. /mnt/dos_c/debian/vmlinuz 'enter' cp -p /boot/initrd. /mnt/dos_c/debian/initrd.img 'enter' Rapatriez maintenant loadlin.exe et copiez-le également dans /mnt/dos_c/debian Enfin, créez un fichier /mnt/dos_c/debian/boot.bat contenant une ligne ressemblant à ceci: loadlin vmlinuz root=/dev/hdd1 initrd=initrd.img no-scroll hdc=ide-scsi (ici, la partition root est sur hdd1, le no-scroll est utilisé pour une barrette braille hardware, et l'ide-scsi est utilisé pour l'appareil branché sur hdc). Note: * FreeDOS est une distribution DOS entièrement LIBRE * Loadlin peut être installé à partir de Debian, par un simple: apt-get install loadlin 'enter' puis en recopiant loadlin.exe vers la partition FAT ou disquette cible. Assurez-vous de bien avoir rapatrié loadlin_1.6c.really1.6c-1_i386.deb: cette version est capable de booter un kernel 2.6. apt/aptitude: liste de paquets, sources.list 15. Enfin, en prenant le temps, on installe les applications souhaitées, soit via Apt soit via Aptitude. Pour la facilité, je fais: aptitude 'enter' Je fais 'enter' sur Not installed, j'utilise "+" pour marquer l'application que je souhaite sélectionner, puis j'appuie sur "g": je lis la liste des paquets + dépendances qui vont être installées, je réappuie sur "g" et le téléchargement commence. En annexe [1], je vous propose ma liste d'applications jugées utiles ou indispensables; à vous de compléter/de retirer des noms. Pour télécharger à partir d'Internet, Apt ou Aptitude se basent sur les URLs "deb" présentes dans le fichier /etc/apt/sources.list. Ce fichier peut ressembler à ceci: deb http://ftp.belnet.be/packages/debian/ stable main non-free contrib deb-src http://ftp.belnet.be/packages/debian/ stable main non-free contrib deb http://non-us.debian.org/debian-non-US stable/non-US main contrib non-free deb-src http://non-us.debian.org/debian-non-US stable/non-US main contrib non-f ree #deb http://ftp.skynet.be/ftp/debian/ stable main non-free contrib #deb-src http://ftp.skynet.be/ftp/debian/ stable main non-free contrib #deb http://non-us.debian.org/debian-non-US stable/non-US main contrib non-free #deb-src http://non-us.debian.org/debian-non-US stable/non-US main contrib non- free deb http://security.debian.org/ stable/updates main contrib non-free Si vous souhaitez télécharger des AVI, ou encore écouter la radio en ligne via un "multimedia player", ajoutez alors l'URL deb suivante à votre /etc/apt/sources.list: deb ftp://ftp.nerim.net/debian-marillat/ stable main Si vous souhaitez tester Screader + Mbrdico et Mbrola, ajoutez alors au fichier /etc/apt/sources.list: deb http://brlspeak.net/dev/debian/ stable main non-free deb-src http://brlspeak.net/dev/debian/ stable main non-free Un dernier bon conseil pour la route: le debconf apparaît parfois suite à l'installation de paquets: c'est normal, je vous conseille simplement de lire attentivement, et si vous ne comprenez pas, prenez alors toujours l'option qui vous est proposée; en effet, les personnes qui ont conçu Debian ainsi que l'installeur ou le debconf, sont des personnes pleines de bon sens, aussi, leur faire confiance est très souvent la seule bonne piste à suivre. Bonne installation! annexe [1] Annexe: liste d'applications Deb intéressantes/utiles/fun (distrib = Woody) Soit je lance aptitude 'enter' soit je fais: apt-get install abook alien antiword aumix axel beep bitchx bplay catdoc \ cdda2wav cdparanoia cdrecord cdtool countrycodes debootstrap deborphan \ doc-linux-fr doc-linux-html doc-linux-nl-html dog dosfstools ditty efax \ eject festvox-kallpc16k flip freeamp-extras grep-dctrl grepmail hdparm \ host lftp lha linklint links-ssl lynx-ssl manpages-fr manpages-nl \ memtest86 mkisofs mkrboot mp3blaster mp3burn mpg123 mpg321 nmap ntpdate \ parted pstotext rar saydate saytime screen talk talkd tcpdump \ timidity-patches toolame traceroute ttyrec txt2html unarj unhtml unrar \ unrtf unzip urlview vim vrms w3m-ssl wav2cdr wget whichman wp2x wv \ xpdf-utils zip Voici ce à quoi ressemble la liste des paquets installés après que j'aie effectué l'apt-get install suivant le schéma ci-dessus : Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold | Status=Not/Installed/Config-files/Unpacked/Failed-config/Half-installed |/ Err?=(none)/Hold/Reinst-required/X=both-problems (Status,Err: uppercase=bad) ||/ Name Version Description +++-=======================================-=================================== ====-========================================================================== ==================== ii abook 0.4.16-1 A text-based ncurses address book application. ii adduser 3.47 Add and remove users and groups ii alien 8.05 install non-native packages with dpkg ii antiword 0.32-2 Converts MS Word files to text and ps ii apt 0.5.4 Advanced front-end for dpkg ii apt-utils 0.5.4 APT utility programs ii aptitude 0.2.11.1-2 curses-based apt frontend ii ash 0.3.8-37 NetBSD /bin/sh ii at 3.1.8-11 Delayed job execution and batch processing ii aumix 2.7-18 Simple text-based mixer control program ii autoconf 2.53-2 automatic configure script builder ii autoconf2.13 2.13-43 automatic configure script builder (obsolete version) ii automake 1.4-p4-1.1 A tool for generating GNU Standards-compliant Makefiles. ii autoproject 0.15.1-2 create a skeleton source package for a new program ii autotools-dev 20020320.1 Update infrastructure for config.{guess,sub} files ii axel 1.0a-1 A light download accelerator - Console version ii base-config 1.33.18 Debian base configuration package ii base-files 3.0.2 Debian base system miscellaneous files ii base-passwd 3.4.1 Debian Base System Password/Group Files ii bash 2.05a-11 The GNU Bourne Again SHell ii bc 1.06-8 The GNU bc arbitrary precision calculator language ii beep 1.2.2-2.woody1 Advanced pc-speaker beeper ii biff 0.17.pre20000412-1 a mail notification tool ii bin86 0.16.0-2 16-bit assembler and loader ii binutils 2.12.90.0.1-4 The GNU assembler, linker and binary utilities. ii bison 1.35-3 A parser generator that is compatible with YACC. ii bitchx 1.0-0c19-1.1 Advanced Internet Relay Chat client ii bplay 0.991-5 Buffered audio file player/recorder ii bsdmainutils 5.20020211-4.99 More utilities from FreeBSD. ii bsdutils 2.11n-4 Basic utilities from 4.4BSD-Lite. ii bzip2 1.0.2-1 A high-quality block-sorting file compressor - utilities ii c2man 2.41-14 Graham Stoney's mechanized man page generator ii catdoc 0.91.5-1 MS-Word to TeX or plain text converter ii cdda2wav 1.10-7 Creates WAV files from audio CDs ii cdparanoia 3a9.8-6 An audio extraction tool for sampling CDs. ii cdrecord 1.10-7 A command line CD/DVD writing tool ii cdtool 2.1.5-4.1 some text-based commands for managing a CD ii cflow 2.0-15 C function call hierarchy analyzer ii console-common 0.7.14 Basic infrastructure for text console configuration ii console-data 1999.08.29-24 Keymaps, fonts, charset maps, fallback tables for console-tools ii console-tools 0.2.3-23.3 Linux console and font utilities. ii console-tools-libs 0.2.3-23.3 Shared libraries for Linux console and font manipulation. ii countrycodes 1.0.3-4 ISO 3166 country code finder ii cpio 2.4.2-39 GNU cpio -- a program to manage archives of files. ii cpp 2.95.4-14 The GNU C preprocessor. ii cpp-2.95 2.95.4-11woody1 The GNU C preprocessor. ii cpp-3.0 3.0.4-7 The GNU C preprocessor. ii cramfsprogs 1.1-3 Tools for CramFs (Compressed ROM File System). ii cron 3.0pl1-72 management of regular background processing ii cutils 1.6-2 C source code utilities ii cxref 1.5c-9 Generates latex and HTML documentation for C programs. ii dc 1.06-8 The GNU dc arbitrary precision reverse-polish calculator ii debconf 1.0.32 Debian configuration management system ii debconf-utils 1.0.32 debconf utilities ii debhelper 4.0.2 helper programs for debian/rules ii debianutils 1.16 Miscellaneous utilities specific to Debian. ii debootstrap 0.1.17 Bootstrap a basic Debian system ii deborphan 1.0-3 Find orphaned libraries. ii defoma 0.11.0 Debian Font Manager -- automatic font configuration framework. ii dhcp-client 2.0pl5-11 DHCP Client ii dialog 0.9a-20020309a-1 Displays user-friendly dialog boxes from shell scripts ii diff 2.7-29 File comparison utilities ii ditty 0.2-1 Allows you to play melodies from your built-in speaker ii dnsutils 9.2.1-2.woody.1 Clients provided with BIND ii doc-debian 3.0 Debian Project documentation, Debian FAQ and other documents ii doc-linux-fr 2001.09-1 Linux docs in french : HOWTO, MetaFAQ ... ii doc-linux-html 2002.04-2 Linux HOWTOs, mini-HOWTOs, and FAQs in HTML format ii doc-linux-nl-html 20011220-1 Dutch Linux HOWTOs, mini-HOWTOs, and FAQs in HTML format ii doc-linux-text 2002.04-2 Linux HOWTOs, mini-HOWTOs, and FAQs in ASCII format ii dog 1.7-3.1 Enhanced replacement for cat ii dosfstools 2.8-1 Utilities to create and check MS-DOS FAT filesystems ii dpkg 1.9.21 Package maintenance system for Debian ii dpkg-dev 1.9.21 Package building tools for Debian ii e2fsprogs 1.27-2 The EXT2 file system utilities and libraries. ii ed 0.2-19 The classic unix line editor ii efax 0.9a-9 Programs to send and receive fax messages. ii eject 2.0.3-1 ejects CDs and operates CD-Changers under Linux ii esound-common 0.2.23-3 Enlightened Sound Daemon - Common files ii exim 3.35-1 An MTA (Mail Transport Agent) ii exim-doc-html 3.20-1 Exim MTA html documentation ii fdutils 5.3-7 Linux floppy utilities ii festival 1.4.2-2.1 speech synthesis system ii festlex-cmu 1.4.0-1 CMU dictionary in Festival form ii festlex-poslex 1.4.0-1 Part of speech lexicons and ngram from English. ii festvox-kallpc16k 1.4.0-1 American English male speaker for festival, 16khz sample rate ii fetchmail 5.9.11-6.2 POP3, APOP, IMAP mail gatherer/forwarder (crypto-crippled binary) ii fetchmail-common 5.9.11-6.2 POP3, APOP, IMAP mail gatherer/forwarder (common files) ii file 3.37-3.1.woody.1 Determines file type using "magic" numbers ii fileutils 4.1-10 GNU file management utilities ii findutils 4.1.7-2 utilities for finding files--find, xargs, and locate ii finger 0.17-6 User information lookup program. ii flex 2.5.4a-24 A fast lexical analyzer generator. ii flip 1.19-2 convert text file line endings between Unix and DOS formats ii freeamp 2.1.1.0-4 Extensible, cross-platform audio player ii freeamp-extras 2.1.1.0-4 Additional ncurses and command line user interfaces ii ftp 0.17-9 The FTP client. ii g++ 2.95.4-14 The GNU C++ compiler. ii g++-2.95 2.95.4-11woody1 The GNU C++ compiler. ii gcc 2.95.4-14 The GNU C compiler. ii gcc-2.95 2.95.4-11woody1 The GNU C compiler. ii gcc-3.0 3.0.4-7 The GNU C compiler. ii gcc-3.0-base 3.0.4-7 The GNU Compiler Collection (base package). ii gdb 5.2.cvs20020401-6 The GNU Debugger ii gettext 0.10.40-5 GNU Internationalization utilities ii gettext-base 0.10.40-5 GNU Internationalization utilities for the base system ii gettext-el 0.10.40-5 Emacs po-mode for editing .po files. ii gnupg 1.0.6-3 GNU privacy guard - a free PGP replacement. ii gnupg-doc 2000.10.01-1 GNU privacy guard documentation. ii grep 2.4.2-3 GNU grep, egrep and fgrep. ii grep-dctrl 1.9 Grep Debian package information ii grepmail 4.70-1 search mailboxes for mail matching an expression ii groff-base 1.17.2-15.woody.1 GNU troff text-formatting system (base system components) ii grub 0.91-2 GRand Unified Bootloader ii gs 6.53-3 The Ghostscript Postscript interpreter ii gs-common 0.3.3.0woody1 Common files for different Ghostscript releases ii gsfonts 6.0-2 Fonts for the ghostscript interpreter ii gzip 1.3.2-3woody1 The GNU compression utility. ii hdparm 4.5-1.2 Tune hard disk parameters for high performance. ii host 20000331-3 Utility for Querying DNS Servers ii hostname 2.09 A utility to set/show the host name or domain name ii html2text 1.3.0.1-1 An advanced HTML to text converter. ii iamerican 3.1.20-21.1 An American English dictionary for ispell. ii ibritish 3.1.20-21.1 A British English dictionary for ispell. ii ifupdown 0.6.4-4 High level tools to configure network interfaces ii indent 2.2.7-2 C language source code formatting program ii info 4.1-2 Standalone GNU Info documentation browser ii initrd-tools 0.1.32woody.3 Tools to generate an initrd image. ii ipchains 1.3.10-15 Network firewalling for Linux 2.2.x ii ipmasqadm 0.4.2-2 Utility for configuring extra masquerading functionality ii iptables 1.2.6a-5 IP packet filter administration tools for 2.4.4+ kernels ii ispell 3.1.20-21.1 International Ispell (an interactive spelling corrector) ii joe 2.8-20 user friendly full screen text editor ii kernel-image-2.4.18-586tsc 2.4.18-5 Linux kernel image for version 2.4.18 on Pentium-Classic. ii klogd 1.4.1-10 Kernel Logging Daemon ii less 374-4 A file pager program, similar to more(1) ii lesstif1 0.93.18-4 OSF/Motif implementation released under LGPL. ii lftp 2.4.9-1 Sophisticated command-line FTP/HTTP client programs ii lha 1.14i-2 lzh archiver ii libao2 0.8.2-1 Cross Platform Audio Output Library ii libasound1 0.5.10b-1 Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (libraries) ii libaudiofile0 0.2.3-4 The Audiofile Library ii libbz2-1.0 1.0.2-1 A high-quality block-sorting file compressor library - runtime ii libc6 2.2.5-11.5 GNU C Library: Shared libraries and Timezone data ii libc6-dev 2.2.5-11.5 GNU C Library: Development Libraries and Header Files. ii libcap1 1.10-12 support for getting/setting POSIX.1e capabilities ii libcdparanoia0 3a9.8-6 Shared libraries for cdparanoia (runtime lib) ii libcurl2 7.9.5-1 Multi-protocol file transfer library. (no SSL support) ii libdb2 2.7.7.0-7 The Berkeley database routines (run-time files). ii libdb3 3.2.9-16 Berkeley v3 Database Libraries [runtime] ii libdigest-md5-perl 2.13-2 MD5 Message Digest for Perl ii libdns5 9.2.1-2.woody.1 DNS Shared Library used by BIND ii libesd0 0.2.23-3 Enlightened Sound Daemon - Shared libraries ii libestools1.2 1.2.2-2 Edinburgh Speech Tools Library ii libexpat1 1.95.2-6 XML parsing C library - runtime library ii libfreetype6 2.0.9-1 FreeType 2 font engine, shared library files. ii libgc6 6.0+6.1alpha4-3 Conservative garbage collector for C ii libgcc1 3.0.4-7 GCC support library. ii libgdbmg1 1.7.3-27 GNU dbm database routines (runtime version). [libc6 version] ii libgdk-pixbuf2 0.17.0-2 The GdkPixBuf library. ii libgimpprint1 4.2.0-4 library necessary to use gimp-print programs ii libglib1.2 1.2.10-4 The GLib library of C routines ii libgpmg1 1.19.6-12 General Purpose Mouse Library [libc6] ii libgtk1.2 1.2.10-11 The GIMP Toolkit set of widgets for X ii libgtk1.2-common 1.2.10-11 Common files for the GTK+ library ii libid3tag0 0.14.2b-3 ID3 tag reading library from the MAD project ii libident 0.22-2 simple RFC1413 client library - runtime ii libinline-perl 0.43-3 Write Perl subroutines in other programming languages ii libisc4 9.2.1-2.woody.1 ISC Shared Library used by BIND ii libjpeg62 6b-5 The Independent JPEG Group's JPEG runtime library ii libldap2 2.0.23-6.3 OpenLDAP libraries. ii liblockfile1 1.03 NFS-safe locking library, includes dotlockfile program ii liblua40 4.0-4 Main interpreter library for the Lua programming language ii liblualib40 4.0-4 Extension library for the Lua programming language ii liblwres1 9.2.1-2.woody.1 Lightweight Resolver Library used by BIND ii libmad0 0.14.2b-3 MPEG audio decoder library ii libmp3-info-perl 0.91-1 Perl MP3::Info - Manipulate / fetch info from MP3 audio files. ii libmusicbrainz1 1.0.1.final-2 Second generation incarnation of the CD Index - library ii libncurses5 5.2.20020112a-7 Shared libraries for terminal handling ii libnewt0 0.50.17-9.6 Not Erik's Windowing Toolkit - text mode windowing with slang ii libnss-db 2.2-6 DB Name Service Module ii libogg0 1.0rc3-1 Ogg Bitstream Library ii libpam-modules 0.72-35 Pluggable Authentication Modules for PAM ii libpam-runtime 0.72-35 Runtime support for the PAM library ii libpam0g 0.72-35 Pluggable Authentication Modules library ii libpaperg 1.1.8 Library for handling paper characteristics ii libparse-recdescent-perl 1.80-2 Generates recursive-descent parsers in Perl ii libparted1.4 1.4.24-4 The GNU Parted disk partitioning library, shared libraries. ii libpcap0 0.6.2-2 System interface for user-level packet capture. ii libpcre3 3.4-1.1 Philip Hazel's Perl Compatible Regular Expression library ii libperl5.6 5.6.1-8.2 Shared Perl library. ii libpng2 1.0.12-3.woody.3 PNG library - runtime ii libpopt0 1.6.2-7 lib for parsing cmdline parameters ii libreadline4 4.2a-5 GNU readline and history libraries, run-time libraries. ii librpm4 4.0.3-4 RPM shared library ii libsasl7 1.5.27-3 Authentication abstraction library. ii libsidplay1 1.36.47-2.2 SID (MOS 6581) emulation library ii libsigc++0 1.0.4-3 Type-safe Signal Framework for C++ - runtime ii libssl0.9.6 0.9.6c-2.woody.3 SSL shared libraries ii libstdc++2.10-dev 2.95.4-11woody1 The GNU stdc++ library (development files) ii libstdc++2.10-glibc2.2 2.95.4-11woody1 The GNU stdc++ library ii libstdc++3 3.0.4-7 The GNU stdc++ library version 3 ii libtiff3g 3.5.5-6 Tag Image File Format library ii libtimedate-perl 1.11-1 Time and date functions for perl. ii libtool 1.4.2-4 Generic library support script ii libttf2 1.4pre.20011029-1 FreeType 1, The FREE TrueType Font Engine, shared library files. ii libvorbis0 1.0rc3-1 The Vorbis General Audio Compression Codec ii libwmf0.2-2 0.2.2-4 Windows metafile conversion library. ii libwrap0 7.6-9 Wietse Venema's TCP wrappers library ii libxaw6 4.1.0-16 X Athena widget set library (version 6) ii lilo 22.2-3 LInux LOader - The Classic OS loader can load Linux and others ii linklint 2.3.4-1 Fast link checker and web site maintenance tool ii links-ssl 0.96.20020409-2 Character mode WWW browser with SSL ii liwc 1.7-1.1 Tools for manipulating C source code ii locales 2.2.5-11.5 GNU C Library: National Language (locale) data [support] ii login 20000902-12 System login tools ii logrotate 3.5.9-8 Log rotation utility ii lpr 2000.05.07-4.3 BSD lpr/lpd line printer spooling system ii lsof 4.57-1 List open files. ii ltrace 0.3.26 Tracks runtime library calls in dynamically linked programs rc lynx 2.8.4.1b-3.2 Text-mode WWW Browser ii lynx-ssl 2.8.4.1b-3.1 Text-mode WWW Browser supporting SSL ii m4 1.4-14 a macro processing language ii mailx 8.1.2-0.20020411cvs-1 A simple mail user agent. ii make 3.79.1-14 The GNU version of the "make" utility. ii makedev 2.3.1-58 Creates device files in /dev. ii man-db 2.3.20-18 The on-line manual pager ii manpages 1.39-1.1 Man pages about using a Linux system. ii manpages-dev 1.39-1.1 Linux-development man pages. ii manpages-fr 0.9.3-1 French version of the manual pages. ii manpages-nl 0.13.3-1 Dutch manpages ii mawk 1.3.3-8 a pattern scanning and text processing language ii mbr 1.1.5-1 Master Boot Record for IBM-PC compatible computers. ii memtest86 2.9-1 A thorough real-mode memory tester. ii mime-support 3.18-1.3 MIME files 'mime.types' & 'mailcap', and support programs ii mkisofs 1.10-7 Creates ISO-9660 CD-ROM filesystem images. ii mkrboot 0.91 Make a kernel + rootimage bootable from one disk or from DOS ii modconf 0.2.43 Device Driver Configuration ii modutils 2.4.15-1 Linux module utilities. ii mount 2.11n-4 Tools for mounting and manipulating filesystems. ii mp3blaster 3.1.1-1 Full-screen console mp3 and ogg vorbis player ii mp3burn 0.02-7 burn audio CDs directly from MP3s or Ogg Vorbis files ii mpack 1.5-7woody2 Tools for encoding/decoding MIME messages. ii mpg123 0.59r-13 MPEG layer 1/2/3 audio player ii mpg321 0.2.10.1 A Free command-line mp3 player, compatible with mpg123 ii mtools 3.9.8-7 Tools for manipulating MSDOS files ii mtr-tiny 0.48-1 Full screen ncurses traceroute tool ii mutt 1.3.28-2.2 Text-based mailreader supporting MIME, GPG, PGP and threading. ii nano 1.0.6-2 free Pico clone with some new features ii ncurses-base 5.2.20020112a-7 Descriptions of common terminal types ii ncurses-bin 5.2.20020112a-7 Terminal-related programs and man pages ii ncurses-term 5.2.20020112a-7 Additional terminal type definitions ii net-tools 1.60-4 The NET-3 networking toolkit ii netbase 4.07 Basic TCP/IP networking system ii netkit-inetd 0.10-9 The Internet Superserver ii netkit-ping 0.10-9 The ping utility from netkit ii nfs-common 1.0-2woody1 NFS support files common to client and server ii nfs-kernel-server 1.0-2woody1 Kernel NFS server support ii nmap 2.54.31.BETA-1 The Network Mapper ii ntpdate 4.1.0-8 The ntpdate client for setting system time from NTP servers. ii nvi 1.79-20 4.4BSD re-implementation of vi. ii parted 1.4.24-4 The GNU Parted disk partition resizing program ii passwd 20000902-12 Change and administer password and group data. ii patch 2.5.4-11 Apply a diff file to an original ii pciutils 2.1.9-4 Linux PCI Utilities (for 2.[1234].x kernels) ii perl 5.6.1-8.2 Larry Wall's Practical Extraction and Report Language. ii perl-base 5.6.1-8.2 The Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister. ii perl-modules 5.6.1-8.2 Core Perl modules. ii pidentd 3.0.12-4 TCP/IP IDENT protocol server. ii portmap 5-2 The RPC portmapper ii ppp 2.4.1.uus-4 Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) daemon. ii pppconfig 2.0.14 A text menu based utility for configuring ppp. ii pppoe 3.3-1.1 PPP over Ethernet driver ii pppoeconf 0.9.10.6 configures PPPoE/ADSL ii procmail 3.22-4 Versatile e-mail processor. ii procps 2.0.7-8 The /proc file system utilities. ii psmisc 20.2-2.1 Utilities that use the proc filesystem ii pstotext 1.8g-5 Extract text from PostScript and PDF files. ii python 2.1.3-3.2 An interactive object-oriented scripting language (default version) ii python-newt 0.50.17-9.6 A newt module for Python. ii python2.1 2.1.3-3.2 An interactive object-oriented scripting language (version 2.1) ii rar 2.80-2 Archiver for .rar files ii rcs 5.7-13 The GNU Revision Control System ii reportbug 1.50 Reports bugs in the Debian distribution. ii rpm 4.0.3-4 Red Hat Package Manager ii saydate 0.3.0-8 speaks the current date through your sound card ii saytime 1.0-14 speaks the current time through your sound card ii screen 3.9.11-5 A terminal multiplexor with VT100/ANSI terminal emulation. ii sed 3.02-8 The GNU sed stream editor. ii setserial 2.17-24 Controls configuration of serial ports. ii sgml-base 1.14 utilities to maintain the SGML catalog file ii sharutils 4.2.1-9 shar, unshar, uuencode, uudecode ii shellutils 2.0.11-11 The GNU shell programming utilities. ii slang1 1.4.4-7.2 The S-Lang programming library - runtime version. ii sox 12.17.3-3 A universal sound sample translator. ii ssh 3.4p1-1 Secure rlogin/rsh/rcp replacement (OpenSSH) ii stl-manual 3.30-4 C++-STL documentation in HTML ii strace 4.4-1.2 A system call tracer. ii sysklogd 1.4.1-10 System Logging Daemon ii syslinux 1.66-1 Bootloader for Linux/i386 using MS-DOS floppies ii sysvinit 2.84-2woody1 System-V like init. ii talk 0.17-5 Talk to another user. ii talkd 0.17-5 Remote user communication server. ii tar 1.13.25-2 GNU tar ii tasksel 1.18 Tool for selecting tasks for installation on Debian system ii tcpd 7.6-9 Wietse Venema's TCP wrapper utilities ii tcpdump 3.6.2-2.4 A powerful tool for network monitoring and data acquisition ii tcsh 6.11.00-2.1 TENEX C Shell, an enhanced version of Berkeley csh. ii telnet 0.17-18 The telnet client. ii texinfo 4.1-2 Documentation system for on-line information and printed output ii textutils 2.0-12 The GNU text file processing utilities. ii time 1.7-11 The GNU time command. ii timidity 2.10.4-2.2 Software-only MIDI sequencer. ii timidity-patches 0.1-5 Instrument files for software-only MIDI sequencer. ii toolame 02h-3 MPEG-1 layer 2 audio encoder ii traceroute 1.4a12-9 Traces the route taken by packets over a TCP/IP network. ii ttyrec 1.0.5-1 A tty recorder ii txt2html 1.28-5 Text to HTML converter. ii unarj 2.43-3 arj unarchive utility ii unhtml 2.3.3 Removing the markup tags from a HTML file ii unrar 2.71-1 Unarchiver for .rar files ii unrtf 0.18.1-2 RTF to other formats converter ii unzip 5.50-1woody1 De-archiver for .zip files ii urlview 0.9-2.1 Extracts URLs from text ii util-linux 2.11n-4 Miscellaneous system utilities. ii vacation 3.2.3 email autoresponder ii vim 6.1.018-1 Vi IMproved - enhanced vi editor ii vorbis-tools 1.0rc3-1 Several Ogg Vorbis Tools ii vrms 1.7 Virtual Richard M. Stallman ii w3m 0.3-2.4 WWW browsable pager with excellent tables/frames support ii w3m-ssl 0.3-2.4 WWW browsable pager with SSL support ii wav2cdr 2.3.3-2 Converts wav files into CD-ROM audio file format. ii wenglish 2.0-2 English dictionary words for /usr/share/dict ii wget 1.8.1-6.1 retrieves files from the web ii whichman 2.0-2 Fault tolerant search utilities: whichman, ftff, ftwhich. ii whiptail 0.50.17-9.6 Displays user-friendly dialog boxes from shell scripts. ii whois 4.5.25 The GNU whois client ii wp2x 2.5-mhi-3 WordPerfect 5.x to whatever converter ii wv 0.7.1+rvt-2 Convert and preview Microsoft Word documents. ii xfree86-common 4.1.0-16 X Window System (XFree86) infrastructure ii xlibs 4.1.0-16 X Window System client libraries ii xpdf-common 1.00-3.1 Portable Document Format (PDF) suite -- common files ii xpdf-utils 1.00-3.1 Portable Document Format (PDF) suite -- utilities ii zip 2.30-5 Archiver for .zip files ii zlib1g 1.1.4-1 compression library - runtime Total: 349 Note: * Attention, il faut savoir que certaines applications font partie d'un paquet; exemple: Pdftotext, qui fonctionne en ligne de commande, fait partie du paquet xpdf-utils. De même, Ogg123 fait partie de Vorbis-tools. * Notez aussi que l'installation de Lynx-ssl retire le Lynx non-ssl en Woody, le marquage "rc" à gauche de Lynx indique que le paquet est "removed" mais que la "configfile" est conservée. * La commande à effectuer pour lire la liste de paquets deb installés peut être: dpkg --list |more 'enter' ou dpkg -l |more 'enter' * Ou alors, utilisez le script : http://brlspeak.net/blinux/appcount.tar.gz si vous voulez vraiment vous faciliter la tâche. * La liste de packages que je vous ai proposée peut être écourtée, par exemple si vous n'avez absolument pas besoin de doc fr ou nl, ou de doc tout court, ou de certains utilitaires; elle peut aussi être rallongée, par exemple en y ajoutant emacs, emacspeak, erc et les autres applications qui sont disponibles pour Emacs; ou encore, on peut rallonger la liste grâce aux innombrables applications téléchargeables sur le net (Gnuchess, Cdrdao, ...), ou grâce aux backport-URLs Debian. * Si vous souhaitez aussi essayer d'autres éditeurs qui ne sont pas repris dans ma liste, n'hésitez pas, l'offre est plus qu'abondante : apt-get install aee e3 ee jed jove le levee ne vile zed zile * Allez également faire un tour sur: http://distro.ibiblio.org/pub/linux/distributions/debian/pool/main O. La Rosa - 14-07-2003 - Public - rev. 21-11-2005.